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Common caustic soda production processes include diaphragm method, ion exchange membrane method, etc. The diaphragm method uses a diaphragm to separate the electrolytic cell into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber. The brine is electrolyzed in the anode chamber to produce chlorine, and caustic soda solution and hydrogen are generated in the cathode chamber. The diaphragm is used to prevent the mixing of anode products and cathode products, but the purity of caustic soda produced by this method is relatively limited. The ion exchange membrane method uses an ion exchange membrane with selective permeability to allow only specific ions to pass through, which can produce high-purity caustic soda more efficiently and accurately. At the same time, it is also conducive to the separation and collection of by-products such as chlorine and hydrogen. It is currently widely used.
Core equipment:
Electrolyzer: Key equipment in caustic soda production. Both diaphragm and ion exchange membrane electrolyzers directly impact output, quality, safety, and stability.
Evaporator: The caustic soda solution from the electrolyzer is typically under-concentrated, so an evaporator is used to increase its concentration. Multi-effect evaporators, which use steam to heat and evaporate water, are commonly used for energy-efficient concentration, raising the caustic soda to industrial standards (e.g., 30%, 32%, or 50%).
Separation and Purification: Filtration devices remove solid impurities, while ion exchange resin towers eliminate trace metal ions (e.g., calcium, magnesium) and other impurities, ensuring high-purity, stable-quality caustic soda for industrial use.
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Application fields
Papermaking industry: It is one of the largest application fields of caustic soda. In the papermaking process, caustic soda is used to steam papermaking raw materials such as wood, bamboo, and reeds. Through chemical reactions, impurities such as lignin are dissolved and removed, so that the fibers can be separated, which is convenient for subsequent papermaking processes and can effectively improve the strength and quality of paper.
Textile printing and dyeing industry: Caustic soda is used for the pretreatment of natural fibers such as cotton and linen. For example, in the process of scouring cotton cloth, it can remove impurities such as wax, pectin, and nitrogen-containing substances on the fibers, making the fabric have better water absorption and whiteness, laying a good foundation for subsequent dyeing, printing and other processes; in the printing and dyeing process, caustic soda can also be used as a dyeing accelerator for certain dyes to improve the dyeing effect and ensure that the textiles are bright and firm.
Chemical industry: The production of many chemical products cannot be separated from caustic soda. For example, when producing soap, caustic soda reacts with oil to produce sodium fatty acid, the main component of soap; in the manufacture of synthetic detergents, caustic soda is used to adjust the pH of the reaction system and participate in the conversion process of some raw materials; at the same time, in the field of petrochemicals, caustic soda is used in the pretreatment process of crude oil deacidification and desulfurization to improve the quality of crude oil and ensure the smoothness of the subsequent refining process.
Water treatment industry: Caustic soda is one of the commonly used water treatment agents, used to adjust the pH of water. In industrial circulating water systems, it can prevent equipment from being corroded by acidic environments and maintain the stable operation of water systems; in domestic sewage treatment, caustic soda can neutralize acidic wastewater to meet emission standards, and can also assist in the removal of pollutants and improve water quality in the treatment process of coagulation and sedimentation of some sewage.
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